mirror of
https://github.com/vinzcamp8/MikroTik-Monitor-Container.git
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219 lines
7.9 KiB
Markdown
219 lines
7.9 KiB
Markdown
# MikroTik Monitoring with Grafana Dashboard
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A self-contained monitoring stack (Grafana + Prometheus + SNMP Exporter) deployed inside a MikroTik RouterOS v7+ container environment to collect and visualize device metrics using SNMP.
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> This solution leverages the [MikroTik Container](https://help.mikrotik.com/docs/display/ROS/Container) feature introduced in RouterOS v7 to avoid the need for external servers.
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---
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## Table of Contents
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* [Overview](#overview)
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* [Prerequisites](#prerequisites)
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* [Setup](#setup)
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* [1. Enable SNMP on MikroTik](#1-enable-snmp-on-mikrotik)
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* [2. Enable Container Support](#2-enable-container-support)
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* [3. Configure VETH and Network](#3-configure-veth-and-network)
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* [4. Prepare Configuration Files](#4-prepare-configuration-files)
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* [5. Define Environment Variables and Mounts](#5-define-environment-variables-and-mounts)
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* [6. Deploy and Start Containers](#6-deploy-and-start-containers)
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* [Accessing the Services](#accessing-the-services)
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* [Known Issues & Troubleshooting](#known-issues--troubleshooting)
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* [References](#references)
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---
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## Overview
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This project demonstrates how to deploy a complete monitoring stack directly on a MikroTik router using containers. It consists of:
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* **SNMP Exporter** for retrieving SNMP metrics.
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* **Prometheus** as the time-series database and metrics scraper.
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* **Grafana** for dashboard visualization.
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All components run within the MikroTik device itself, avoiding the cost and complexity of external infrastructure.
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## Prerequisites
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* MikroTik RouterOS **v7+** with **Container** feature support.
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* A device with sufficient resources (e.g., RouterBoard L009UiGS ARM).
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* Basic familiarity with WinBox or CLI.
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* External storage (e.g., USB drive) recommended for container volumes.
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---
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## Setup
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### 1. Enable SNMP on MikroTik
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* Navigate to **IP > SNMP**
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* Enable SNMP (tick the checkbox), leave defaults.
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---
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### 2. Enable Container Support
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#### a. Check if Container is enabled:
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From a **New Terminal** in WinBox:
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```bash
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/system/device-mode/print
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```
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Ensure the output includes `container: yes`.
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#### b. If not enabled:
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1. **Download**:
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* Visit [MikroTik Download Archive](https://mikrotik.com/download/archive)
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* Select your RouterOS version and architecture (from WinBox in System > Resources)
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* Download the `all_packages` ZIP
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2. **Install**:
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* Extract `container-*.npk` from the ZIP
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* Upload it to **Files** via WinBox
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* Reboot the device
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3. **Activate**:
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* Run: `system/device-mode/update container=yes`
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* Perform a full shutdown (unplug power or press the power button of the physical device)
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* Verify again with: `system/device-mode/print`
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---
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### 3. Configure VETH and Network
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> After each step press Apply and then OK buttons.
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#### a. Create a Docker bridge:
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1. **Bridge > Bridge**: Add new interface named `docker`, leave defaults
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2. **IP > Addresses**: Add Address `192.168.50.1/24`, Network `192.168.50.0`, Interface `docker`
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3. **IP > Firewall > NAT**:
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* Chain: `srcnat`
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* Src. Address: `192.168.50.0/24`
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* Action: `masquerade`
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#### b. Add VETH interfaces:
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* Interface → VETH tab, add 3 interfaces (Name → Address, Gateway):
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* `grafana` → `192.168.50.100/24`, `192.168.50.1`
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* `snmp_exporter` → `192.168.50.101/24`, `192.168.50.1`
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* `prometheus` → `192.168.50.102/24`, `192.168.50.1`
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#### c. Bridge the interfaces:
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* Bridge > Ports: Create a **New Bridge Port** for each VETH interface and add it to the `docker` bridge.
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---
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### 4. Prepare Configuration Files
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1. Clone this repository and extract `grafana/`, `prometheus/`, `snmp/` folders.
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2. Edit the following:
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* **Grafana Datasource** (`grafana/provisioning/datasources.yml`):
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```yaml
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url: http://192.168.50.102:9090 # change it according with your prometheus VETH IP
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```
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* **Prometheus Config** (`prometheus/prometheus.yml`):
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* `static_configs.targets`: _use your MikroTik LAN IP_
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* `relabel_configs.replacement`: `192.168.50.101:9116` (change it according with your snmp_exporter VETH IP)
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3. Upload `grafana/`, `prometheus/`, `snmp/` folders to MikroTik via **Files**.
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---
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### 5. Define Environment Variables and Mounts
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#### a. Container > Envs (Grafana only):
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| Key | Value |
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| ----------------------------- | -------- |
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| GF\_SECURITY\_ADMIN\_USER | admin |
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| GF\_SECURITY\_ADMIN\_PASSWORD | mikrotik |
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| GF\_SECURITY\_SIGN\_UP | false |
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#### b. Container > Mounts:
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> Use your own `src path` (e.g. path to an external usb drive attached to MikroTik)
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| Container | Src Path | Dst Path |
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| ---------- | ---------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
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| grafana | `/usb1/grafana/provisioning` | `/etc/grafana/provisioning/` |
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| prometheus | `/usb1/prometheus` | `/etc/prometheus` |
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| snmp | `/usb1/snmp` | `/etc/snmp_exporter` |
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---
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### 6. Deploy and Start Containers
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#### a. Configure Container settings:
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**Container > Container > Config:**
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* Registry URL: `https://registry-1.docker.io`
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* Tmp Dir: `/pull` (customizable e.g. path to an external usb drive attached to MikroTik)
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#### b. Create containers:
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> After you fill out the fields of each container press Apply and **wait for download/extracting** until in status appear `stopped` (if it appear is all OK) then go to create the next container. If it shows `error`, Copy the container, delete the old, and re-try to Apply.
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**Container > New Container**
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| Container | Remote Image | Interface | Others |
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| ----------------- | --------------------------- | --------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| **Grafana** | `grafana/grafana:9.1.0` | `grafana` | Envslist `grafana`, Mounts `grafana`, Root Dir `/usb1/grafana_dir` |
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| **Prometheus** | `prom/prometheus:v2.53.0` | `prometheus` | Cmd: `--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml`, Mounts `prometheus`, Root Dir `/usb1/prometheus_dir`|
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| **SNMP Exporter** | `prom/snmp-exporter:v0.26.0` | `snmp_exporter` | Cmd: `--config.file=/etc/snmp_exporter/snmp.yml`, Mounts `snmp`, Root Dir `/usb1/snmp_dir` |
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> `Root Dir` is customizable e.g. path to an external usb drive attached to MikroTik
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---
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## Accessing the Services
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> Ensure to start containers in order (SNMP Exporter, Prometheus and Grafana) and enjoy.
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> Start and Stop the container using the respective button.
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> Ensure the router and host are on the same LAN or routing is configured properly.
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| Service | URL |
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| ------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
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| Grafana | [http://192.168.50.100:3000](http://192.168.50.100:3000) |
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| Prometheus | [http://192.168.50.102:9090](http://192.168.50.102:9090) |
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| SNMP Exporter | [http://192.168.50.101:9116](http://192.168.50.101:9116) |
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Grafana credentials: `admin / mikrotik`
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---
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## Known Issues & Troubleshooting
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* **Grafana “No Data” Bug on ARM**:
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* Try increasing `$scrape_interval` to 30s in the dashboard query.
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* Fixed in Grafana ≥ 9.1.0
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* **Container Store Errors**:
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* Ensure container root dirs are unique.
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* Deleting a container deletes its root directory.
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* Always verify the root dir is marked as `container store` in Files. (and **not as `directory`**)
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* **Startup Failures**:
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* If container fails with `execve: No such file or directory`, verify paths, mounts, and retry with a different root dir.
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---
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## References
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* Configuration and dashboard by [@IgorKha](https://github.com/IgorKha/): [Dashboard #14420](https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/14420-mikrotik-monitoring/)
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* Special thanks to @rolando for guidance on MikroTik world.
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