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< meta name = "description" content = "A fullstack but simple mail-server (SMTP, IMAP, LDAP, Anti-spam, Anti-virus, etc.) using Docker." >
< meta name = "author" content = "docker-mailserver (Github Organization)" >
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Docker Mailserver
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Overview
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docker-mailserver
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Home
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Introduction
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Usage
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Configuration
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Examples
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Contributing
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Docker Mailserver
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docker-mailserver
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Home
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Introduction
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Usage
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Configuration
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Configuration
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Environment Variables
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Account Management
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Account Management
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Overview
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< a href = "./" class = "md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" >
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Overview
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Table of contents
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< a href = "#accounts" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Accounts
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Aliases
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Quotas
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Sub-addressing
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Technical Overview
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Provisioner
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Provisioner
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< a href = "../provisioner/file/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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File Based
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< a href = "../provisioner/ldap/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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LDAP Service
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Supplementary
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Supplementary
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< a href = "../supplementary/master-accounts/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Master Accounts
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< a href = "../supplementary/oauth2/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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OAuth2 Authentication
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Best Practices
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Best Practices
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< a href = "../../best-practices/autodiscover/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Auto-discovery
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< a href = "../../best-practices/dkim_dmarc_spf/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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DKIM, DMARC & SPF
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< a href = "../../best-practices/mta-sts/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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MTA-STS
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Security
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Security
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< a href = "../../security/understanding-the-ports/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Understanding the Ports
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< a href = "../../security/ssl/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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SSL/TLS
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< a href = "../../security/fail2ban/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Fail2Ban
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../security/mail_crypt/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Mail Encryption
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< a href = "../../security/rspamd/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Rspamd
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< a href = "../../debugging/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Debugging
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< a href = "../../pop3/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Mail Delivery with POP3
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< a href = "../../setup.sh/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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About setup.sh
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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Advanced Configuration
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< / label >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Advanced Configuration
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< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../advanced/optional-config/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Optional Configuration
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< / span >
< / a >
< / li >
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Maintenance
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "3" aria-labelledby = "__nav_4_8_2_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_4_8_2" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Maintenance
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< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../advanced/maintenance/update-and-cleanup/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Update and Cleanup
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< / ul >
< / nav >
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Override the Default Configs
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< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "3" aria-labelledby = "__nav_4_8_3_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_4_8_3" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Override the Default Configs
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< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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Dovecot
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< a href = "../../advanced/override-defaults/postfix/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Postfix
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< / a >
< / li >
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< a href = "../../advanced/override-defaults/user-patches/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Modifications via Script
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< a href = "../../advanced/mail-sieve/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Email Filtering with Sieve
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Email Gathering with Fetchmail
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Email Gathering with Getmail
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Email Forwarding
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< / label >
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Email Forwarding
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Relay Hosts
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AWS SES
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Configure Gmail as a relay host
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Full-Text Search
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Kubernetes
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IPv6
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< a href = "../../advanced/podman/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Podman
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_5" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_5" id = "__nav_5_label" tabindex = "0" >
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Examples
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_5" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Examples
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_5_1" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_5_1" id = "__nav_5_1_label" tabindex = "0" >
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Tutorials
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_5_1" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Tutorials
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< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< a href = "../../../examples/tutorials/basic-installation/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Basic Installation
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< / span >
< / a >
< / li >
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< a href = "../../../examples/tutorials/mailserver-behind-proxy/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Mailserver behind Proxy
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< / span >
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../../examples/tutorials/crowdsec/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Crowdsec
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< / span >
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../../examples/tutorials/docker-build/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
Building your own Docker image
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< / span >
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../../examples/tutorials/blog-posts/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
Blog Posts
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< / span >
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../../examples/tutorials/dovecot-solr/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
Dovecot FTS with Apache Solr
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< / span >
< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_5_2" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_5_2" id = "__nav_5_2_label" tabindex = "0" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
Use Cases
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< / span >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "2" aria-labelledby = "__nav_5_2_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_5_2" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
Use Cases
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../../examples/use-cases/forward-only-mailserver-with-ldap-authentication/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
Forward-Only Mail-Server with LDAP
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< / span >
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../../examples/use-cases/imap-folders/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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Relay inbound and outbound mail for an internal DMS
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Sub-addressing
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Technical Overview
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< h1 id = "account-management-overview" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#account-management-overview" > Account Management - Overview< / a > < / h1 >
< p > This page provides a technical reference for account management in DMS.< / p >
< div class = "admonition note" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Account provisioners and alternative authentication support< / p >
< p > Each < a href = "../../environment/#account_provisioner" > < code > ACCOUNT_PROVISIONER< / code > < / a > has a separate page for configuration guidance and caveats:< / p >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "../provisioner/file/" > < code > FILE< / code > provisioner docs< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../provisioner/ldap/" > < code > LDAP< / code > provisioner docs< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< p > Authentication from the provisioner can be supplemented with additional methods:< / p >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "../supplementary/oauth2/" > OAuth2 / OIDC< / a > (< em > allow login from an external authentication service< / em > )< / li >
< li > < a href = "../supplementary/master-accounts/" > Master Accounts< / a > (< em > access the mailbox of any DMS account< / em > )< / li >
< / ul >
< hr / >
< p > For custom authentication requirements, you could < a href = "../../../examples/use-cases/auth-lua/" > implement this with Lua< / a > .< / p >
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< / div >
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< h2 id = "accounts" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#accounts" > Accounts< / a > < / h2 >
< div class = "admonition info" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Info< / p >
< p > To receive or send mail, you'll need to provision user accounts into DMS (< em > as each provisioner page documents< / em > ).< / p >
< hr / >
< p > A DMS account represents a user with their < em > login username< / em > + password, and optional config like aliases and quota.< / p >
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< ul >
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< li > Sending mail from different addresses < strong > does not require< / strong > aliases or separate accounts.< / li >
< li > Each account is configured with a < em > primary email address< / em > that a mailbox is associated to.< / li >
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< / ul >
< / div >
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< details class = "info" >
< summary > Primary email address< / summary >
< p > The email address associated to an account creates a mailbox. This address is relevant:< / p >
< ul >
< li > When DMS < strong > receives mail< / strong > for that address as the recipient (< em > or an alias that resolves to it< / em > ), to identify which mailbox to deliver into.< / li >
< li > With < strong > mail submission< / strong > :< ul >
< li > < code > SPOOF_PROTECTION=1< / code > < strong > restricts the sender address< / strong > to the DMS account email address (< em > unless additional sender addresses have been permitted via supported config< / em > ).< / li >
< li > < code > SPOOF_PROTECTION=0< / code > allows DMS accounts to < strong > use any sender address< / strong > (< em > only a single DMS account is necessary to send mail with different sender addresses< / em > ).< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< hr / >
< p > For more details, see the < a href = "#technical-overview" > Technical Overview< / a > section.< / p >
< / details >
< details class = "note" >
< summary > Support for multiple mail domains< / summary >
< p > No extra configuration in DMS is required after provisioning an account with an email address.< / p >
< ul >
< li > The DNS records for a domain should direct mail to DMS and allow DMS to send mail on behalf of that domain.< / li >
< li > DMS does not need TLS certificates for your mail domains, only for the DMS FQDN (< em > the < code > hostname< / code > setting< / em > ).< / li >
< / ul >
< / details >
< details class = "warning" >
< summary > Choosing a compatible email address< / summary >
< p > An email address should conform to the standard < a href = "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2049502/what-characters-are-allowed-in-an-email-address/2049510#2049510" > permitted charset and format< / a > (< code > local-part@domain-part< / code > ).< / p >
< hr / >
< p > DMS has features that need to reserve special characters to work correctly. Ensure those characters are not present in email addresses you configure for DMS, otherwise disable / opt-out of the feature.< / p >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "#sub-addressing" > Sub-addressing< / a > is enabled by default with < code > +< / code > as the < em > tag delimiter< / em > . The tag can be changed, feature opt-out when the tag is explicitly unset.< / li >
< / ul >
< / details >
< h3 id = "aliases" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#aliases" > Aliases< / a > < / h3 >
< div class = "admonition info" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Info< / p >
< p > Aliases allow receiving mail:< / p >
< ul >
< li > As an alternative delivery address for a DMS account mailbox.< / li >
< li > To redirect / forward to an external address outside of DMS like < code > @gmail.com< / code > .< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< details class = "abstract" >
< summary > Technical Details (< em > Local vs Virtual aliases< / em > )< / summary >
< p > Aliases are managed through Postfix which supports < em > local< / em > and < em > virtual< / em > aliases:< / p >
< ul >
< li > < strong > Local aliases< / strong > are for mail routed to the < a href = "https://www.postfix.org/local.8.html" > < code > local< / code > delivery agent< / a > (see < a href = "https://www.postfix.org/aliases.5.html" > associated alias config format< / a > )< ul >
< li > You rarely need to configure this. It is used internally for system unix accounts belonging to the services running in DMS (< em > including < code > root< / code > < / em > ).< / li >
< li > < code > postmaster< / code > may be a local alias to < code > root< / code > , and < code > root< / code > to a virtual alias or real email address.< / li >
< li > Any mail sent through the < code > local< / code > delivery agent will not be delivered to an inbox managed by Dovecot (< em > unless you have configured a local alias to redirect mail to a valid address or alias< / em > ).< / li >
< li > The domain-part of an these aliases belongs to your DMS FQDN (< em > < code > hostname: mail.example.com< / code > , thus < code > user@mail.example.com< / code > < / em > ). Technically there is no domain-part at this point, that context is used when routing delivery, the local delivery agent only knows of the local-part (< em > an alias or unix account< / em > ).< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > < a href = "http://www.postfix.org/VIRTUAL_README.html#virtual_alias" > < strong > Virtual aliases< / strong > < / a > are for mail routed to the < a href = "https://www.postfix.org/virtual.8.html" > < code > virtual< / code > delivery agent< / a > (see < a href = "https://www.postfix.org/virtual.5.html" > associated alias config format< / a > )< ul >
< li > When alias support in DMS is discussed without the context of being a local or virtual alias, it's likely the virtual kind (< em > but could also be agnostic< / em > ).< / li >
< li > The domain-part of an these aliases belongs to a mail domain managed by DMS (< em > like < code > user@example.com< / code > < / em > ).< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< div class = "admonition tip" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Verify alias resolves correctly< / p >
< p > You can run < code > postmap -q < alias> < table> < / code > in the container to verify an alias resolves to the expected target. If the target is also an alias, the command will not expand that alias to resolve the actual recipient(s).< / p >
< p > For the < code > FILE< / code > provisioner, an example would be: < code > postmap -q alias1@example.com /etc/postfix/virtual< / code > . For the < code > LDAP< / code > provisioner you'd need to adjust the table path.< / p >
< / div >
< div class = "admonition info" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Side effect - Dovecot Quotas (< code > ENABLE_QUOTAS=1< / code > )< / p >
< p > As a side effect of the alias workaround for the < code > FILE< / code > provisioner with this feature, aliases can be used for account login. This is not intentional.< / p >
< / div >
< / details >
< h3 id = "quotas" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#quotas" > Quotas< / a > < / h3 >
< div class = "admonition info" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Info< / p >
< p > Enables mail clients with the capability to query a mailbox for disk-space used and capacity limit.< / p >
< ul >
< li > This feature is enabled by default, opt-out via < a href = "../../environment/#enable_quotas" > < code > ENABLE_QUOTAS=0< / code > < / a > < / li >
< li > < strong > Not implemented< / strong > for the LDAP provisioner (< em > PR welcome! View the < a href = "https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/issues/2957" > feature request for implementation advice< / a > < / em > )< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< details class = "tip" >
< summary > How are quotas useful?< / summary >
< p > Without quota limits for disk storage, a mailbox could fill up the available storage which would cause delivery failures to all mailboxes.< / p >
< p > Quotas help by preventing that abuse, so that only a mailbox exceeding the assigned quota experiences a delivery failure instead of negatively impacting others (< em > provided disk space is available< / em > ).< / p >
< / details >
< details class = "abstract" >
< summary > Technical Details< / summary >
< p > The < a href = "https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/pull/1469" > Dovecot Quotas feature< / a > is configured by enabling the < a href = "https://doc.dovecot.org/settings/plugin/imap-quota-plugin/" > Dovecot < code > imap-quota< / code > plugin< / a > and using the < a href = "https://doc.dovecot.org/configuration_manual/quota/quota_count/#quota-backend-count" > < code > count< / code > quota backend< / a > .< / p >
< hr / >
< p > < strong > Dovecot workaround for Postfix aliases< / strong > < / p >
< p > When mail is delivered to DMS, Postfix will query Dovecot with the recipient(s) to verify quota has not been exceeded.< / p >
< p > This allows early rejection of mail arriving to DMS, preventing a spammer from taking advantage of a < a href = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backscatter_%28email%29" > backscatter< / a > source if the mail was accepted by Postfix, only to later be rejected by Dovecot for storage when the quota limit was already reached.< / p >
< p > However, Postfix does not resolve aliases until after the incoming mail is accepted.< / p >
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< ol >
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< li > Postfix queries Dovecot (< em > a < a href = "https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/issues/2091#issuecomment-954298788" > < code > check_policy_service< / code > restriction tied to the Dovecot < code > quota-status< / code > service< / a > < / em > ) with the recipient (< em > the alias< / em > ).< / li >
< li > < code > dovecot: auth: passwd-file(alias@example.com): unknown user< / code > is logged, Postfix is then informed that the recipient mailbox is not full even if it actually was (< em > since no such user exists in the Dovecot UserDB< / em > ).< / li >
< li > However, when the real mailbox address that the alias would later resolve into does have a quota that exceeded the configured limit, Dovecot will refuse the mail delivery from Postfix which introduces a backscatter source for spammers.< / li >
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< / ol >
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< p > As a < a href = "https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/pull/2248#issuecomment-955088677" > workaround to this problem with the < code > ENABLE_QUOTAS=1< / code > feature< / a > , DMS will add aliases as fake users into Dovecot UserDB (< em > that are configured with the same data as the real address the alias would resolve to, thus sharing the same mailbox location and quota limit< / em > ). This allows Postfix to properly be aware of an aliased mailbox having exceeded the allowed quota.< / p >
< p > < strong > NOTE:< / strong > This workaround < strong > only supports< / strong > aliases to a single target recipient of a real account address / mailbox.< / p >
< ul >
< li > Additionally, aliases that resolve to another alias or to an external address would both fail the UserDB lookup, unable to determine if enough storage is available.< / li >
< li > A proper fix would < a href = "https://github.com/docker-mailserver/docker-mailserver/pull/2248#issuecomment-953754532" > implement a Postfix policy service< / a > that could correctly resolve aliases to valid entries in the Dovecot UserDB, querying the < code > quota-status< / code > service and returning that response to Postfix.< / li >
< / ul >
< / details >
< h2 id = "sub-addressing" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#sub-addressing" > Sub-addressing< / a > < / h2 >
< div class = "admonition info" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Info< / p >
< p > < a href = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_address#Sub-addressing" > Subaddressing< / a > (< em > aka < strong > Plus Addressing< / strong > or < strong > Address Tags< / strong > < / em > ) is a feature that allows you to receive mail to an address which includes a tag appended to the < code > local-part< / code > of a valid account address.< / p >
< ul >
< li > A subaddress has a tag delimiter (< em > default: < code > +< / code > < / em > ), followed by the tag: < code > < local-part> +< tag> @< domain-part> < / code > < / li >
< li > The subaddress < code > user+github@example.com< / code > would deliver mail to the same mailbox as < code > user@example.com< / code > .< / li >
< li > Tags are dynamic. Anything between the < code > +< / code > and < code > @< / code > is understood as the tag, no additional configuration required.< / li >
< li > Only the first occurence of the tag delimiter is recognized. Any additional occurences become part of the tag value itself.< / li >
< / ul >
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< / div >
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< details class = "tip" >
< summary > When is subaddressing useful?< / summary >
< p > A common use-case is to use a unique tag for each service you register your email address with.< / p >
< ul >
< li > Routing delivery to different folders in your mailbox based on the tag (< em > via a < a href = "../../advanced/mail-sieve/#subaddress-mailbox-routing" > Sieve filter< / a > < / em > ).< / li >
< li > Data leaks or bulk sales of email addresses.< ul >
< li > If spam / phishing mail you receive has not removed the tag, you will have better insight into where your address was compromised from.< / li >
< li > When the expected tag is missing, this additionally helps identify bad actors. Especially when mail delivery is routed to subfolders by tag.< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > For more use-cases, view the end of < a href = "https://www.codetwo.com/admins-blog/plus-addressing" > this article< / a > .< / li >
< / ul >
< / details >
< details class = "tip" >
< summary > Changing the tag delimiter< / summary >
< p > Add < code > recipient_delimiter = +< / code > to these config override files (< em > replacing < code > +< / code > with your preferred delimiter< / em > ):< / p >
< ul >
< li > Postfix: < code > docker-data/dms/config/postfix-main.cf< / code > < / li >
< li > Dovecot: < code > docker-data/dms/config/dovecot.cf< / code > < / li >
< / ul >
< / details >
< details class = "tip" >
< summary > Opt-out of subaddressing< / summary >
< p > Follow the advice to change the tag delimiter, but instead set an empty value (< code > recipient_delimiter =< / code > ).< / p >
< / details >
< details class = "warning" >
< summary > Only for receiving, not sending< / summary >
< p > Do not attempt to send mail from these tagged addresses, they are not equivalent to aliases.< / p >
< p > This feature is only intended to be used when a mail client sends to a DMS managed recipient address. While DMS does not restrict the sender address you choose to send mail from (< em > provided < code > SPOOF_PROTECTION< / code > has not been enabled< / em > ), it is often < a href = "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/recipients-in-exchange-online/plus-addressing-in-exchange-online#using-plus-addresses" > forbidden by mail services< / a > .< / p >
< / details >
< details class = "abstract" >
< summary > Technical Details< / summary >
< p > The configured tag delimiter (< code > +< / code > ) allows both Postfix and Dovecot to recognize subaddresses. Without this feature configured, the subaddresses would be considered as separate mail accounts rather than routed to a common account address.< / p >
< hr / >
< p > Internally DMS has the tag delimiter configured by:< / p >
< ul >
< li > Applying the Postfix < code > main.cf< / code > setting: < a href = "http://www.postfix.org/postconf.5.html#recipient_delimiter" > < code > recipient_delimiter = +< / code > < / a > < / li >
< li > Dovecot has the equivalent setting set as < code > +< / code > by default: < a href = "https://doc.dovecot.org/settings/core/#core_setting-recipient_delimiter" > < code > recipient_delimiter = +< / code > < / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< / details >
< h2 id = "technical-overview" > < a class = "toclink" href = "#technical-overview" > Technical Overview< / a > < / h2 >
< div class = "admonition info" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Info< / p >
< p > This section provides insight for understanding how Postfix and Dovecot services are involved. It is intended as a reference for maintainers and contributors.< / p >
< ul >
< li > < strong > Postfix< / strong > - Handles when mail is delivered (inbound) to DMS, or sent (outbound) from DMS.< / li >
< li > < strong > Dovecot< / strong > - Manages access and storage for mail delivered to the DMS account mailboxes of your users.< / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< details class = "abstract" >
< summary > Technical Details - Postfix (Inbound vs Outbound)< / summary >
< p > Postfix needs to know how to handle inbound and outbound mail by asking these queries:< / p >
< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "1:2" > < input checked = "checked" id = "inbound" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "outbound" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "inbound" > Inbound< / label > < label for = "outbound" > Outbound< / label > < / div >
< div class = "tabbed-content" >
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< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< ul >
< li > What mail domains is DMS responsible for handling? (< em > for accepting mail delivered< / em > )< / li >
< li > What are valid mail addresses for those mail domains? (< em > reject delivery for users that don't exist< / em > )< / li >
< li > Are there any aliases to redirect mail to 1 or more users, or forward to externally?< / li >
< / ul >
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< / div >
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< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< ul >
< li > When < code > SPOOF_PROTECTION=1< / code > , how should DMS restrict the sender address? (< em > eg: Users may only send mail from their associated mailbox address< / em > )< / li >
< / ul >
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< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
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< / details >
< details class = "abstract" >
< summary > Technical Details - Dovecot (Authentication)< / summary >
< p > Dovecot additionally handles authenticating user accounts for sending and retrieving mail:< / p >
< ul >
< li > Over the ports for IMAP and POP3 connections (< em > 110, 143, 993, 995< / em > ).< / li >
< li > As the default configured SASL provider, which Postfix delegates user authentication through (< em > for the submission(s) ports 465 & 587< / em > ). Saslauthd can be configured as an alternative SASL provider.< / li >
< / ul >
< p > Dovecot splits all authentication lookups into two categories:< / p >
< ul >
< li > A < a href = "https://doc.dovecot.org/configuration_manual/authentication/password_databases_passdb" > PassDB< / a > lookup most importantly authenticates the user. It may also provide any other necessary pre-login information.< / li >
< li > A < a href = "https://doc.dovecot.org/configuration_manual/authentication/user_databases_userdb" > UserDB< / a > lookup retrieves post-login information specific to a user.< / li >
< / ul >
< / details >
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