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src/holms-shell-spickzettel.md
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# holms Shell Spickzettel
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[Short Link](https://r6n.it/shell) ::: [Original Share](https://joplin.cloud.nerdraum.de/shares/4GWSqhy0eSKKJmRgbMSihv) ::: [Source (Git/forgejo)](https://forgejo.mueller.network/holm/holms-shell-spickzettel)
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## Zusammenschrieb
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… und copypasted Shell Standards aller Art.
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Überwiegend passend für bash und zsh.
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Diese Sammlung wird stets erweitert, ergänzt und korrigiert.
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---
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[TOC]
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---
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## Internetressourcen
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### Links zu anderen Sammlungen und Dokus
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- [Bite Size Bash - Beste Zines von Julia Evans. Meine Gold-Empfehlung. Alle!](https://store.wizardzines.com/products/bite-size-bash)
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- [commandlinefu - Shell Snippet Sammlung](https://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/browse)
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## kombinierte Listen
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### Beispiel 1
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```bash
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for finger in {left,right}-{thumb,{index,middle,ring,little}-finger};
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do fprintd-enroll -f "$finger" "$USER";
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done
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```
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### Beispiel 2
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```bash
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for finger in {left,right}-{index,middle}-finger;
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do fprintd-enroll -f "$finger" "$USER";
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done
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```
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### Beispiel 3
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```bash
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for richtung in {oben,unten,}{links,rechts,};
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do echo "$richtung";
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done
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obenlinks
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obenrechts
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oben
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untenlinks
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untenrechts
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unten
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links
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rechts
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```
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## File Management / Navigation
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### cd back to last directory
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~~~
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cd -
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~~~
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### find / rename files in subfolders
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~~~bash
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find . -maxdepth 4 -name '*.jpg' -execdir mv {} cover.jpg \;
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~~~
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### find with multiple patterns
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#### Alles was **nicht** .deb oder -vmdk heisst:
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~~~bash
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find ./ ! -regex '.*\(deb\|vmdk\)$'
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~~~
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### find files by extension and replace strings in it per sed
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~~~bash
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find . -maxdepth 4 -name '*.json' -exec sed -i s/"Development Version"/"Live On Stage"/ {} \;
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~~~
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#### Alle .xls, .doc, xlsx files
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~~~bash
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find ./ -regex '.*\(doc\|xls\|xlsx\)$' -execdir echo {} \;
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~~~
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### cp / mv multi extensions
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```bash
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mv *.{png,jpg} ~/Dev
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cp foo.conf{,.orig}
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```
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### touch
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#### create File1, File2 ... File9
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~~~bash
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$ touch file-{1..9}.txt
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$ ls
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file-1.txt file-2.txt file-3.txt file-4.txt file-5.txt file-6.txt file-7.txt file-8.txt file-9.txt
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~~~
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### compress / zip / tar / rar
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#### entpacke alle `.zip` mit overwrite
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~~~bash
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for i in *.zip; do echo unzip -o $i; done | sh
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~~~
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### download file1, file2 ... file2342
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~~~bash
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$ for i in {1..2342}; do curl -O https://server/path/file-$i.jpg; done
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~~~
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## rsync
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### Eierlegendewollmilchsauinschnell
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~~~bash
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rsync -aHAXxv --info=progress2 -e "ssh -T -c aes128-ctr -o Compression=no -x" ./ holm@10.1.2.3:~/ --exclude .cache --exclude .local/share/gnome-boxes --exclude ISO --exclude 'vm*.raw
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~~~
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### archive
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copy all files recursive with user information and date
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~~~bash
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##
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rsync -a SRC DST
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~~~
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### folder vs. content of folder
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#### Demo files
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~~~bash
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$ find SRC
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.
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./SRC
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./SRC/SUBSRC
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./SRC/SUBSRC/subsrc-1.dat
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./SRC/SUBSRC/subsrc-3.dat
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./SRC/SUBSRC/subsrc-2.dat
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./SRC/src-1.dat
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./SRC/src-3.dat
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./SRC/src-2.dat
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~~~
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#### folder
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~~~bash
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$ rsync -a SRC DST
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$ find DST
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.
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./DST
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./DST/SRC
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./DST/SRC/src-1.dat
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./DST/SRC/SUBSRC
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./DST/SRC/SUBSRC/subsrc-1.dat
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./DST/SRC/SUBSRC/subsrc-3.dat
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./DST/SRC/SUBSRC/subsrc-2.dat
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./DST/SRC/src-3.dat
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./DST/SRC/src-2.dat
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~~~
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#### content
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~~~bash
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$ rsync -a SRC/ DST
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$ find DST
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DST
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DST/src-3.dat
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DST/src-2.dat
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DST/src-1.dat
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DST/SUBSRC
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DST/SUBSRC/subsrc-2.dat
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DST/SUBSRC/subsrc-3.dat
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DST/SUBSRC/subsrc-1.dat
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~~~
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### show Progress
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#### per File
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~~~bash
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$ rsync -a -P SRC DST
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sending incremental file list
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created directory DST
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SRC/
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SRC/src-1.dat
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0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfr#1, to-chk=6/8)
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SRC/src-2.dat
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0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfr#2, to-chk=5/8)
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SRC/src-3.dat
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0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfr#3, to-chk=4/8)
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SRC/SUBSRC/
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SRC/SUBSRC/subsrc-1.dat
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0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfr#4, to-chk=2/8)
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SRC/SUBSRC/subsrc-2.dat
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0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfr#5, to-chk=1/8)
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SRC/SUBSRC/subsrc-3.dat
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0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfr#6, to-chk=0/8)
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~~~
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#### over all
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slows down start of copy process until a complete file list exists
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~~~bash
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$ rsync -a --info=progress2 SRC DST
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86,621,168 99% 139.78MB/s 0:00:00 (xfr#28, to-chk=0/75)
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~~~
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---
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# Bash Zine-Export
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## [Bite Size Bash](https://store.wizardzines.com/products/bite-size-bash) zine Mitschrift /
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- Allgemeine Dinge
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`shellcheck`
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* wiki
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* shellcheck.net
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```bash
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"$var" "${var}.png" $?=exit code
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$0=scriptname
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"$@"=all arguments
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shift
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inkscape "$1" -b white --export-png="$2"
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for i in "$0"
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do
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…
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done
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```
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### sudo pipe
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***falsch:*** ```sudo echo x > xyz```
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***richtig*** ```echo x | sudo tee xyz```
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~~~bash
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x=$((2+2)) # = 4
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a{.png,.svg} # = a.png a.svg
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VAR=$(c at x.txt)
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x=(1 2 3 4 5)
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x={1..5}
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y={001..087}
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< (command) == command |
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${var//search/replace}
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[[ $DIR=/home/* ]]
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diff <(./command1) <(./command2)
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~~~
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### for
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#### for LINE
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~~~bash
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for i in *.png
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do
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convert"$i" "${i/png/jpg}"
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done
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~~~
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#### for WORD
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~~~
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while bashcommand
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do
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...
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done
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# ---
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for i in $(seq 1 5)
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# or
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for i in {1..5}
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# ---
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read -r text1 text2 | FS=''
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# or
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echo "$text" | FS=''
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~~~
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### pipes
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~~~bash
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mkfifo mypipe
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ls > mypipe
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wc < mypipe
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~~~
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### vars
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~~~bash
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${}
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${var} # var
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${#var} # length of var
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${var:-$othervar} # => wenn var unset/null, dann var=othervar
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${var:?Fehlermeldung}
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${var#prefix} # entfernt PREFIX
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${var%suffix} # entfernt SUFFIX
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${var/suche/ersetze} # FIRST
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${var//suche/ersetze} # ALLE
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${var:offset:length} # subvar
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~~~
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### trap - cleanup
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~~~bash
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trap 'kill $(jobs -p)' INT
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# killall background processes when ctrl-c
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function cleanup() {
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rm -rf $TEMPDIR
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rm $TEMPFILE
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}
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trap cleanup EXIT
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~~~
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### errors
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#### stops after exit
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~~~bash
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set -e # stops after exit
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~~~
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#### stops the script on unset variables
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~~~bash
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set -u
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~~~
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#### makes the pipe fail if any command fails
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~~~bash
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set -o pipefail
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~~~
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#### example
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~~~bash
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set -e
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unzip fle.zip # typo in filename
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# -> error
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# -> stop
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~~~
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### Debugging
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"@ECHO On"
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~~~bash
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set -x
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# or
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bash -x script.sh
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~~~
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## commandlinefu extract
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Snippets von [commandlinefu - Shell Snippet Sammlung](https://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/browse)
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### kill process by TCP-Port
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> In emergency situations, in order not to panic, shut down the following port on the network with the following rather then shutting down the PC.
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~~~bash
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fuser -k 445/tcp
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~~~
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wuseman1 · 2024-08-26 19:11:03
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### Record a certain command output
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~~~bash
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script -c "ls -la" logfile.log
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~~~
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wuseman1 · 2024-08-26 18:34:05
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### ffmpeg: Generate GIF from video
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> The 30 means start extracting frames from 30 seconds into the video. The 3 means extract the next 3 seconds from that point. The fps can be adjusted based on your preferences. The 320 is the width of the gif, the height will be calculated automatically. input.mp4 is the video file, which can be any video file ffmpeg supports. The output.gif is the gif created.
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~~~bash
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ffmpeg -ss 30 -t 3 -i input.mp4 -vf "fps=10,scale=320:-1:flags=lanczos,split[s0][s1];[s0]palettegen[p];[s1][p]paletteuse" -loop 0 output.gif
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~~~
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keyboardsage · 2024-03-19 00:34:23
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### ´find´ and delete all hidden dot files
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#### seek
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~~~bash
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find ./path_to_dir -type f -name '.*'
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~~~
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#### and destroy
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~~~bash
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find ./path_to_dir -type f -name '.*' -exec rm '{}' \;`
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~~~
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keyboardsage · 2024-03-16 23:47:01
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### 7zip hochverdichtet und encrypted
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> Create a 7zip archive named "some_directory.7z" and adds to it the directory "some_directory". The `-mhe=on` is for header encryption, basically it mangles the file names so no one knows whats inside the 7z. If -mhe=on wasn't included, then a person without the password would still be able to view the file names inside the 7z. Having this option ensures confidentiality. To ensure the result is small use lzma2, level 9 compression. Lzma2 fast bytes range from 5 to 272, the higher the number the more aggressive it is at finding repetitive bytes that can be added to the dictionary. Here the fast bytes are set to 64 bytes and the dictionary is 32 MB. Depending on your purposes (the directory size and desired file size), you can be more aggressive with these values. Lastly, `-ms=on` just says concatenate all the individual files and treat them as a singular file when compressing. This leads to a higher compression ratio generally.
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~~~bash
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$ du -sh Dev*
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114M Dev
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36M Dev.7z
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49M Dev.tgz
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~~~
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~~~bash
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7z a -t7z -mhe=on -m0=lzma2 -mx=9 -mfb=64 -md=32m -ms=on Dev.7z Dev/
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~~~
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keyboardsage · 2024-03-16 23:36:38
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### Disk usage skipping mount points (even top-level ones)
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> Other solutions that involve doing du -sx /* are incomplete because they will still descend other top-level filesystems are that mounted directly at "/" because the * expands to explicitly include all files and directories in "/", and du will still traverse them even with -x because you asked it to by supplying the directory name as a parameter (indirectly via "*"). Show Sample Output
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~~~bash
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for a in /*; do mountpoint -q -- "$a" || du -shx "$a"; done | sort -h
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~~~
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dmmst19 · 2024-02-28 01:43:19
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### $(var) from JSON
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> A recursive version might be useful too. /dev/tty is used to show which shell variables just got defined. Show Sample Output
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~~~bash
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json='{"a":42, "b":"s t r i n g", "c": []}' ; eval $(echo $json | jq -r 'to_entries | .[] | select(.value | scalars) | .key + "=\"" + (.value | tostring) + "\";"' | tee /dev/tty)
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~~~
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penthief · 2023-09-26 03:11:38
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### logge sich ändernde files
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> Monitor changed files into a log file, with day rotation, using fswatch (MacOS). This command monitors changes in the current folder structure (subfolders included) and files, and log it into a hidden file in the same folder, called `.file_changes_YYMMDD.log`. Modify the `--exclude` parameters to define what should be skipped. Show Sample Output
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~~~bash
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fswatch --exclude=.git/* --exclude=.settings --event-flags --event-flag-separator=\; -t -f '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' . >> ./.file_changes_$(date +"%Y-%m-%d" | sed s/-//g).log
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~~~
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paulera · 2023-08-17 23:06:30
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### Color bars
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~~~bash
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while :; do for ((i=0;i<$(tput cols);i++));do clear;for ((j=0;j<$(tput lines);j++));do printf "\e[48;5;$((RANDOM%256))m%*s\e[0m\n" $(((j+i)%2?$(tput cols)-i:i)) "";done;sleep 0.05;done;done
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~~~
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bzw.
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~~~bash
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while :; do printf "\e[48;2;$((RANDOM % 256));$((RANDOM % 256));$((RANDOM % 256))m%*s\e[0m" $(tput cols) ""; sleep 0.1; done
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~~~
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wuseman1 · 2023-07-04 00:47:37
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### ls sort by git commit
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> This lists all the files in a folder, then finds the commit date for them one by one, then sorts them from newest to oldest
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~~~bash
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git ls-tree --name-only HEAD foldername/ | while read filename; do echo "$(git log -1 --format="%ci " -- $filename) $filename"; done | sort -r
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~~~
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fivestones · 2023-03-01 17:02:51
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### Copy a file with progress and save hash to a different file
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~~~bash
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pv file.txt | tee >(sha1sum > file.sha1) > file-copy.txt
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~~~
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bugmenot · 2022-11-24 20:23:02
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